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Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Case Detail
| Anatomy: Genitourinary |
 Joseph Junewick, MD FACR |
| Diagnostic Category: |
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| Created: over 2 years ago |
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| Updated: over 2 years ago |
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| Tags:
PEDS
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| Modality/Study Types:
US
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Activities:  PDF  ImageJA |
History
Teenager with hypertension.
Case Images
Diagnosis
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
Findings
US – Markedly enlarged kidneys with near total replacement of the parenchyma by cysts of varying sizes.
Discussion
There are 2 forms of ADPKD each with a unique chromosomal defect. PKD1 is more common and more severe and presents earlier than PKD2. Most mutations are inherited but about 10% are spontaneous.
Most patients with ADPKD are asymptomatic in childhood but may present with renal failure or hypertension. Kidneys are usually enlarged by cysts of varying sizes. Renal involvement may be asymmetric. Cysts become more numerous with age; the liver and pancreas may develop cysts as well.
Aneurysms of the circle of Willis are seen in about 15% of patients with ADPKD although do not usually manifest until adulthood.
Reference
Fernbach SK and Feinstein KA. Normal renal anatomy, variants and congenital anomalies. Caffey’s Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging, 11th Ed (2008).